{"id":22452,"date":"2024-10-23T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.uef.fi\/ueflibrary\/?p=22452"},"modified":"2025-11-03T14:31:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T12:31:21","slug":"mika-ihmeen-kansalaistiede-what-do-you-mean-by-citizen-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.uef.fi\/ueflibrary\/mika-ihmeen-kansalaistiede-what-do-you-mean-by-citizen-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Mik\u00e4 ihmeen kansalaistiede? | What do you mean by citizen science?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(Please, scroll down to read in English.)<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteest\u00e4 on k\u00e4yty keskustelua useamman vuoden ajan. Unescon suositus<\/a> avoimesta tieteest\u00e4 vuodelta 2021 korostaa yhteiskunnan toimijoiden avointa osallistumista ja mainitsee kansalaistieteen yhten\u00e4 edist\u00e4misen keinona. Kirjaston blogissa<\/a> asiasta kirjoitettiin avoimen yhteisty\u00f6n edist\u00e4misen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta vuonna 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteen m\u00e4\u00e4rittely\u00e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kun kansalaistiedett\u00e4 alkaa m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4, siin\u00e4 k\u00e4y v\u00e4h\u00e4n kuin saippuapalan kanssa \u2013 sana luikahtaa k\u00e4sist\u00e4 tuon tuostakin ja tiukkaa otetta on vaikea saada. Eip\u00e4 ihme, ett\u00e4 kansalaistieteeseen viitataan eri termein. Puhutaan osallistavasta tai joukkoistetusta tieteest\u00e4 tai vaikkapa kansalaishavainnoinnista. Kansalaistiedett\u00e4 kuvaillaan my\u00f6s tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4. Tieteen termipankki <\/a>m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 kansalaistieteen avoimen tieteen yhteydess\u00e4 \u201cjoukkoistetuksi tutkimukseksi, johon my\u00f6s tiedeyhteis\u00f6n ulkopuoliset voivat osallistua\u201d. Se onkin melko v\u00e4lj\u00e4 ja riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n yleinen m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4, joka ei ota kantaa osallistumisen tapaan, tutkimusasetelmaan, tavoitteisiin tai osallistujien taustaan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistiede on keskeiselt\u00e4 periaatteeltaan osallistavaa tieteen tekemist\u00e4, jossa toimintalaajuus on osittain osallistujan valittavissa. Usein kansalaistieteest\u00e4 puhutaan, kun kuvataan ei-ammattitutkijoiden tekem\u00e4\u00e4 tieteellist\u00e4 tutkimusta, mutta kansalaistieteen hankkeisiin voi osallistua ammattitaustasta riippumatta. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in siis tutkijakin voi olla kansalaistieteilij\u00e4. Kyse on roolista, ei tutkinnosta tai ammatista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteeseen liitet\u00e4\u00e4n keskeisesti tiedeyhteis\u00f6n ja kansalaisten v\u00e4linen vuorovaikutus, avoimuus ja l\u00e4pin\u00e4kyvyys sek\u00e4 osallistumisen helppous ja vapaaehtoisuus. Kansalaistieteen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4minen edist\u00e4\u00e4 tieteellisen tutkimuksen monimuotoisuutta ja inklusiivisuutta, koska kansalaiset voivat osallistua tutkimusprosessiin tasavertaisesti, taustasta ja osaamistasosta riippumatta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistiedett\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Edell\u00e4 mainittujen tavoitteiden tai luonnehdintojen toteuttaminen ei v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 ole helppoa tai ongelmatonta. Onko esimerkiksi eri puolilla maailmaa asuvilla ihmisill\u00e4 mahdollisuus k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 teknisi\u00e4 sovelluksia vai kariutuuko tasavertaisuuden periaate taloudellisiin tekij\u00f6ihin? Tai p\u00e4\u00e4sev\u00e4tk\u00f6 hankkeeseen osallistuneet ihmiset k\u00e4siksi tutkimustuotoksiin vai j\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4tk\u00f6 ne maksumuurien taakse? N\u00e4m\u00e4 kytkeytyv\u00e4t kysymykseen, onko avoin tiede avointa kaikille. Keskeist\u00e4 on tietysti se, ett\u00e4 tutkimusyhteis\u00f6 on tietoinen ongelmista ja ett\u00e4 tutkija huomioi jo ideointivaiheessa, miten esimerkiksi monimuotoisuus ja inklusiivisuus h\u00e4nen hankkeessaan voidaan toteuttaa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteest\u00e4 puhuttaessa ensimm\u00e4isen\u00e4 saattaa tulla mieleen havaintojen teko eli tutkimusaineiston keruu. T\u00e4llaisia ovat vaikkapa luontohavaintoihin liittyv\u00e4t hankkeet, kuten Muuttolintujen kev\u00e4t<\/a>, joka palkkitiinkin vuonna 2023 Avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen Avoimuuden edist\u00e4j\u00e4 -palkinnolla<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteeseen kuuluu my\u00f6s mahdollisuus osallistua koko tutkimusprosessiin tai muihinkin tutkimuksen vaiheisiin kuin ainoastaan aineistonkeruuseen. Vapaaehtoiset osallistujat voivat olla mukana muotoilemassa tutkimuskysymyst\u00e4, suunnittelemassa projektia, prosessoimassa ja\/tai analysoimassa aineistoa tai pohtimassa tutkimustuloksia. Yksi esimerkki aineiston prosessoinnista on Kansallisarkiston sotap\u00e4iv\u00e4kirjojen talkoot<\/a>, joissa vapaaehtoiset osallistuivat Transkribus-ty\u00f6kalun opettamiseen digitoituja aineistoja puhtaaksikirjoittamalla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ohjeita, opastusta ja tukea kansalaistieteeseen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kansalaistieteen edist\u00e4miseksi on tuotettu Avoimen tieteen ja tutkimuksen ty\u00f6ryhmiss\u00e4 Kansalaistieteen suositus<\/a>, Kansalaistieteen opas tutkijalle<\/a> ja Sinustako kansalaistieteilij\u00e4: aloittelijan opas<\/a>. Suosituksen tarkoitus on antaa tutkimusorganisaatioille periaatteet ja ohjeet kansalaistieteen edist\u00e4miseksi ja esitt\u00e4\u00e4 muun muassa erilaiset kansalaistieteen tasot Haklayn (2011) kuvauksen<\/a> mukaisesti. Kansalaistieteen oppaassa tutkijalle perehdyt\u00e4\u00e4n tarkemmin tutkijan tukemiseen kansalaistiedehankkeiden toteuttamisessa. Vastaavasti aloittelijan oppaassa kannustetaan kansalaisia erityisesti oman elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n havaintojen tuottamiseen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirjastolaisille suunnattu opas Open science meets citizen science<\/a> tarjoaa perustietoa kansalaistieteest\u00e4 ja tieteellisten kirjastojen tukiroolin mahdollisuuksista sek\u00e4 ennen kaikkea hyvi\u00e4 vinkkej\u00e4 kansalaistieteen toteuttamiseen esimerkkeineen. Oppaan on laatinut eurooppalaisten tiedekirjastojen yhteisty\u00f6verkoston LIBER:n kansalaistieteen ty\u00f6ryhm\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hyv\u00e4n tieteellisen k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n soveltaminen kansalaistiedehankkeissa kuuluu hankkeesta vastaavalle tutkijalle. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi olla haastavaa, koska samalla, kun tulee huolehtia tieteelliset kriteerit t\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 tutkimusty\u00f6st\u00e4 ja toimia vertaistutkijana, pit\u00e4isi kuitenkin v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 holhoamasta kansalaistieteilij\u00f6it\u00e4 liikaa. Eurooppalaisessa yhteisty\u00f6ss\u00e4 (European Citizen Science Association<\/a>) on laadittu kymmenen periaatetta kansalaistieteeseen<\/a>. Periaatteissa on yleisi\u00e4 ohjeita kansalaistiedehankkeille. Ohjeissa muistutetaan esimerkiksi kannusteista, meritoitumisesta, aineistojen avaamisesta, vuorovaikutuksesta ja eettisist\u00e4 kysymyksist\u00e4. Erityisesti n\u00e4m\u00e4 eettiset kysymykset korostuvat, mik\u00e4li kansalaistieteilij\u00e4 on sek\u00e4 tiedon ker\u00e4\u00e4j\u00e4 ett\u00e4 tiedon l\u00e4hde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Piirrettyj\u00e4
Kuval\u00e4hde | Image from<\/bdo> Pixabay (Gerd Altmann)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Citizen science has been a topic of discussion for several years. UNESCO\u2019s 2021 recommendation<\/a> on open science emphasizes the open participation of societal actors and mentions citizen science as one of the means to promote it. In 2021, there was a blog post about this from the perspective of promoting open cooperation in the UEF Library\u2019s blog<\/a> [].<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Defining citizen science\u00a0\u00a0<\/bdo><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When one begins to define citizen science, it\u2019s a bit like handling a bar of soap \u2013 the term slips out of your grasp time and again, making it hard to get a firm hold. No wonder citizen science is referred to by various terms. People talk about participatory or crowdsourced science, or even citizen observation. Citizen science is also described as a research method. The Helsinki Term Bank for Arts and Sciences <\/a>defines citizen science in the context of open science as \u201ccrowdsourced research in which those outside the scientific community can also participate\u201d. This is a fairly broad and sufficiently general definition that does not specify the manner of participation, research design, objectives, or the background of the participants.\u00a0\u00a0<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citizen science is fundamentally about participatory science, where the scope of activity is partly chosen by the participant. Often, citizen science is discussed in the context of scientific research conducted by non-professional researchers, but anyone can join a citizen science project regardless of professional background. Thus, a researcher can also be a citizen scientist. It\u2019s about the role, not the degree or profession.\u00a0\u00a0<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citizen science is closely associated with interaction between the scientific community and citizens, openness and transparency, as well as the ease and voluntariness of participation. Utilizing citizen science promotes the diversity and inclusivity of scientific research, as citizens can participate in the research process equally, regardless of their background and level of expertise.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citizen science in practice<\/bdo><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Implementing the aforementioned goals or descriptions is not necessarily easy or without problems. For example, do people living in different parts of the world have access to technical applications, or does the principle of equality falter due to economic factors? Or do the people who participated in the project have access to the research outputs, or are the outputs behind paywalls? These questions are linked to whether open science is truly open to everyone. It is crucial that the research community is aware of these issues and that the researcher considers, right from the ideation phase of the project, how diversity and inclusivity can be implemented in their project.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When talking about citizen science, the first thing that might come to mind is making observations, i.e., collecting research data. Examples of such projects include those related to nature observations, such as \u201cSpring of Migratory Birds<\/a>,\u201d which was awarded the Champion of Open Science<\/a> in 2023 by Open Science and Research .<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citizen science also includes the possibility to participate in the entire research process or other phases of research beyond just data collection. Volunteer participants can be involved in formulating the research question, designing the project, processing and\/or analysing the data, or considering the research results. One example of data processing is the Finnish National Archives\u2019 war diaries project<\/a>, where volunteers participated in teaching the Transkribus tool by transcribing digitized materials.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guidelines, guidance, and support for citizen science<\/bdo><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To promote citizen science, the Open Science and Research working groups have produced the Citizen Science Recommendation<\/a> (in Finnish), the Citizen Science Guide for Researchers<\/a> (in Finnish), and Could You Become a Citizen Scientist: A Beginner\u2019s Guide<\/a> (in Finnish). The purpose of the recommendation is to provide research organizations with principles and guidelines for promoting citizen science and to present various levels of citizen science as described<\/a> by Haklay (2011). The guide for researchers delves deeper into supporting researchers in implementing citizen science projects. Similarly, the beginner\u2019s guide encourages citizens to produce observations, especially in their own living environment.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The guide Open Science Meets Citizen Science<\/a>, aimed at librarians, offers basic information about citizen science and the potential support roles of research libraries, as well as practical tips for implementing citizen science with examples. The guide was prepared by the Citizen Science Working Group of the European network of research libraries, LIBER.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Applying good scientific practice in citizen science projects is the responsibility of the researcher in charge of the project. This can be challenging, as it involves ensuring research meets scientific criteria and acting as a peer researcher, while also avoiding over-supervising citizen scientists. In European collaboration, the European Citizen Science Association<\/a>, has developed ten principles for citizen science<\/a>. These principles provide general guidelines for citizen science projects, reminding about incentives, recognition, data sharing, interaction, and ethical issues. These ethical issues become particularly concrete if the citizen scientist is both the data collector and the data source.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tomi Rosti, tietoasiantuntija | Information specialist<\/bdo>
Manna Satama, tietoasiantuntija | Information specialist<\/bdo>
Opetus- ja tietopalvelut | Training and information services<\/bdo><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Please, scroll down to read in English.) Kansalaistieteest\u00e4 on k\u00e4yty keskustelua useamman vuoden ajan. Unescon suositus avoimesta tieteest\u00e4 vuodelta 2021 korostaa yhteiskunnan toimijoiden avointa osallistumista ja mainitsee kansalaistieteen yhten\u00e4 edist\u00e4misen keinona. Kirjaston blogissa asiasta kirjoitettiin avoimen yhteisty\u00f6n edist\u00e4misen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta vuonna 2021. Kansalaistieteen m\u00e4\u00e4rittely\u00e4 Kun kansalaistiedett\u00e4 alkaa m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4, siin\u00e4 k\u00e4y v\u00e4h\u00e4n kuin saippuapalan kanssa \u2013 sana […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[410],"tags":[32,917,913,1108,1105,409],"class_list":["post-22452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ajankohtaista","tag-avoin-tiede","tag-citizen-science","tag-kansalaistiede","tag-oa-viikko","tag-open-access-week","tag-open-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMik\u00e4 ihmeen kansalaistiede? | What do you mean by citizen science? | UEF Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.uef.fi\/ueflibrary\/mika-ihmeen-kansalaistiede-what-do-you-mean-by-citizen-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mik\u00e4 ihmeen kansalaistiede? | What do you mean by citizen science? | UEF Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Please, scroll down to read in English.) 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