{"id":18133,"date":"2023-04-14T10:30:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T08:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.uef.fi\/ueflibrary\/?p=18133"},"modified":"2025-10-31T08:48:02","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T06:48:02","slug":"kysyva-ei-tielta-eksy-tiedonhakijan-opas-auttaa-there-is-no-shame-in-asking-information-retrieval-guide-assists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.uef.fi\/ueflibrary\/kysyva-ei-tielta-eksy-tiedonhakijan-opas-auttaa-there-is-no-shame-in-asking-information-retrieval-guide-assists\/","title":{"rendered":"Kysyv\u00e4 ei tielt\u00e4 eksy \u2013 Tiedonhakijan opas auttaa | There is no shame in asking \u2013 Information Retrieval Guide assists"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(Please, scroll down to read in English.)<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tietoa hankitaan ja saadaan monin tavoin. Yksi, ehk\u00e4p\u00e4 t\u00e4rkein niist\u00e4, on kysyminen. Tuskin lapsi on oppinut puhumaan, kun h\u00e4n jo alkaa kysell\u00e4. Puhutaan jopa kyselyi\u00e4st\u00e4, jolloin lapsi tiedonjanossaan hukuttaa vanhempansa kysymyksiin. \u00c4itini muistaa minun kyselyik\u00e4ni, kun pommitin h\u00e4nt\u00e4 mit\u00e4 moninaisimmilla kysymyksill\u00e4: \u201dMist\u00e4 sade tulee? Miten radio toimii? Miksi on hyttysi\u00e4?\u201d  Lopulta \u00e4iti tuskastui ja puuskahti, ettei osaa vastata kaikkiin kysymyksiini. Silloin kysyin j\u00e4rkyttyneen\u00e4: \u201d\u00c4iti \u2013 etk\u00f6 sin\u00e4 olekaan viisas?\u201d \u201dEth\u00e4n sin\u00e4k\u00e4\u00e4n ole, kun joudut kysym\u00e4\u00e4n\u201d, \u00e4iti vastasi. \u201dNiin, mutta min\u00e4 en olekaan viel\u00e4 kysynyt kaikkea\u201d, sanoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lapsi
Kuva\/Image: Gerd Altmann \/ Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jos haku ei tuota tuloksia, onko totta ett\u00e4 tutkimusta ei ole?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halu tiet\u00e4\u00e4 on johdattanut minut lopulta tietoasiantuntijaksi. En edelleenk\u00e4\u00e4n tied\u00e4 kaikkea, koska en ole kysynyt kaikkea. Mutta olen oppinut hakemaan tietoa ja opastamaan muita siihen. T\u00e4t\u00e4 olen tehnyt jo 15 vuotta, kohdannut erilaisia tiedontarvitsijoita esitelm\u00e4\u00e4 tekev\u00e4st\u00e4 koululaisesta v\u00e4it\u00f6skirjaansa laativaan tohtorikokelaaseen. Yhteydenottoja opiskelijoilta on tullut erityisesti silloin, kun pro gradu -ty\u00f6h\u00f6n ei tunnu l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4n mit\u00e4\u00e4n oman tutkielman kannalta merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta. Onko silloin johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 tutkimusta ei ole? Monesti hakusanoja ja niiden yhdistelmi\u00e4 hieman muuttamalla sit\u00e4 onkin alkanut l\u00f6yty\u00e4. Useimmiten siis kyse ei ole siit\u00e4, ettei tietoa eli vastauksia kysymyksiin olisi. On vain opittava kysym\u00e4\u00e4n oikeita kysymyksi\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viime aikoina on saanut paljon huomiota ChatGPT-keino\u00e4lysovellus.  Sille voi esitt\u00e4\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4 mist\u00e4 tahansa aiheesta, ja se vastaa niihin sujuvalla suomen tai englannin kielell\u00e4. Eri asia on, mit\u00e4 se l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 \u2013 t\u00e4st\u00e4 on hiljan ilmestynyt kollegoideni Maaritin ja Kirsin oivallinen blogaus<\/a>. Mutta kun esit\u00e4mme kysymyksen UEF-Primolle, Scopukselle tai Web of Sciencelle, voi kysymys yll\u00e4tt\u00e4en j\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4kin vaille vastausta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtuu siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 vaikka tiet\u00e4isi tarkalleen, mit\u00e4 haluaa kysy\u00e4, pit\u00e4isi my\u00f6s tiet\u00e4\u00e4, miten kysy\u00e4. Kysymys on muotoiltava j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n omalle kielelle, joka voi ensin n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 konstikkaammalta kuin luonnollinen kieli. Sen etuja ovat kuitenkin t\u00e4sm\u00e4llisyys, yksiselitteisyys ja aukoton loogisuus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yliopiston kirjasto tarjoaa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4lleen yllin kyllin tutkittua ja tieteellisiss\u00e4 julkaisuissa julkaistua tietoa. On vain tiedett\u00e4v\u00e4, mit\u00e4 etsii ja mist\u00e4. T\u00e4h\u00e4n tarpeeseen UEFin kirjasto on julkaissut Tiedonhakijan oppaan, jossa p\u00e4\u00e4paino on julkaistun tieteellisen tiedon hakemisessa. Paitsi oppaana, sit\u00e4 voi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s tiedonhaun opetuksen oppimateriaalina. Sit\u00e4 voi hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 niin tutkielmaan tai esseeseen taustakirjallisuutta etsitt\u00e4ess\u00e4 kuin satunnaisempaan tiedontarpeeseen liittyviss\u00e4 hauissa. Oppaan syntyprosessista voit lukea tarkemmin aiemmin ilmestyneest\u00e4 blogipostauksesta<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opasta voi lukea l\u00e4pi systemaattisesti alusta loppuun, osio osiolta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 sopii asian perusteelliseen opiskeluun, mutta ison kokonaisuuden l\u00e4pik\u00e4yminen vie aikaa ja vaatii sulattelua. Akuutimpaan tarpeeseen sopiva tapa onkin l\u00e4hesty\u00e4 oppaan k\u00e4sittelemi\u00e4 asioita kysymysten kautta. Uffe-chattibotti vastaa  nimitt\u00e4in my\u00f6s tiedonhakua koskeviin kysymyksiin. Silt\u00e4 kannattaa hakea neuvoa, jos haluaa p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 alkuun tiedonhankinnassa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miten p\u00e4\u00e4sen alkuun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alku aina hankalaa. P\u00e4\u00e4h\u00e4n ja paperilla on hahmottunut kurssity\u00f6n, esseen tai tutkielman  aihe ja sit\u00e4 tarkentavia n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmia, mutta mist\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 itse tutkimukseen k\u00e4siksi? Miten l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 julkaistua tieteellist\u00e4 tietoa omasta aiheesta? Annetaan Uffen vastata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kysymys: Miten teen tiedonhaun, miten aloitan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vastaus: Voit aloittaa tiedonhaun valitsemalla sopivan hakukoneen tai tietokannan. Mieti aiheeseesi liittyvi\u00e4 hakusanoja ja muodosta niist\u00e4 hakulauseita. Arvioi saamiasi hakutuloksia ja muuta hakua tarpeen mukaan!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e4\u00e4set alkuun tiedonhaussa esimerkiksi tutustumalla UEF-Primoon ja oppaisiimme. UEF-Primo on kirjaston oma hakupalvelu, josta l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4t kaikki kirjaston hankkimat aineistot, sek\u00e4 painetut ett\u00e4 verkossa olevat, n\u00e4pp\u00e4r\u00e4sti yhdest\u00e4 paikasta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4m\u00e4 oli Uffen ytimek\u00e4s vastaus. Ensin kannattaa siis tutustua Primoon ja sen ominaisuuksiin. Se on helppok\u00e4ytt\u00f6inen, kunhan on tarkkana, mihin hakunsa kohdistaa. Jos valitsee hakukohteeksi oman kirjaston kokoelmat, Primo antaa aiheen mukaisen listauksen kirjaston kokoelmissa olevista kirjoista ja e-kirjoista, mutta ei yksitt\u00e4isist\u00e4 lehtiartikkeleista. Siin\u00e4 pit\u00e4\u00e4 vaihtaa hakukohteeksi kansainv\u00e4liset artikkelit. (Kotimaisia artikkeleita voi etsi\u00e4 finna.fi<\/a>-palvelun artikkelihausta.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uffe neuvoo my\u00f6s tien kirjaston oppaisiin, joista Tiedonhakijan opas<\/a> vastaa samaan kysymykseen laajemmin kertoen, mist\u00e4 on kyse tiedonhaun prosessissa ja miten tiedonhakua on hyv\u00e4 l\u00e4hte\u00e4 suunnittelemaan.  T\u00e4ss\u00e4 auttaa oppaasta l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4 ympyr\u00e4kaavio tiedonhaun prosessista, josta voit my\u00f6s n\u00e4hd\u00e4, miss\u00e4 kohden milloinkin olet menossa. Se puhuu tiedonhausta polkuna, jonka p\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on tarvittavan tiedon l\u00f6yt\u00e4minen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiedontarpeesta riippuen kannattaa valita kulloiseenkin tilanteeseen k\u00e4tevimmin sopiva hakutapa. Mutta millaisia vaihtoehtoja siin\u00e4 on? Kysyt\u00e4\u00e4n taas Uffelta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kysymys: Millaisia hakutapoja on olemassa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja Uffe vastaa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiedonhakuja voi l\u00e4hesty\u00e4 eri tavoin ja siksi hakutapojakin on monenlaisia. Hakutapoja ovat esimerkiksi pikahaku, suppeasta laajempaan -haku, j\u00e4ljityshaku ja systemaattinen haku. Tiedonhakijan oppaasta taas saat tarkempia ohjeita ja esimerkkej\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiedonhakijan oppaasta l\u00f6ytyykin osio  Hakutekniikka ja hakutavat<\/a> , <\/em>josta voi tarkentaa osioon Hakutavat. Sielt\u00e4 l\u00f6yd\u00e4t esimerkkej\u00e4 selailevasta ja helmenkasvatushausta systemaattiseen tiedonhakuun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja miten niit\u00e4 hakulauseita rakennetaan\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google-hakuun tottuneelle tietokantahaku voi vaikuttaa ensin hankalalta. Googleen voi sy\u00f6tt\u00e4\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4 luonnollisella kielell\u00e4, esimerkiksi: \u201dMitk\u00e4 asiat vaikuttavat vastavalmistuneiden insin\u00f6\u00f6rien ty\u00f6viihtyvyyteen\u201d. Google l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 useampiakin osumia, mutta UEF-Primossa vastaava haku tuottaa nollatuloksen. Google my\u00f6s ehdottelee, ajattelee tiedonhakijan puolesta ja j\u00e4rjestelee tuloksia aiempien hakujen mukaan.  Kuitenkin Primo ja muut tietokannat antavat useimmiten t\u00e4sm\u00e4llisemm\u00e4n ja paremmin analysoitavissa olevan hakutuloksen, kunhan hakulause on laadittu oikein periaattein. Mutta miten se tehd\u00e4\u00e4n? Kysyt\u00e4\u00e4np\u00e4 taas Uffelta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kysymys: Miten l\u00f6yd\u00e4n toimivat hakusanat, miten teen hakulauseen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vastaus: Hakusanoja on mahdollista m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4 eri tavoilla. Voit k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 omia sanoja (vapaat hakusanat), tietokannan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4mi\u00e4 asiasanoja tai niiden yhdistelmi\u00e4. K\u00e4yt\u00e4 hakusanoina yksitt\u00e4isi\u00e4 sanoja, synonyymeja tai sanaliittoja (fraaseja). \u00c4l\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4 kokonaisia luonnollisen kielen lauseita!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hakulause sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 hakusanat ja mahdolliset operaattorit. Joskus tiedonhakuun riitt\u00e4\u00e4 lyhyt, t\u00e4sm\u00e4llinen hakusana ja toisinaan on tarpeen kirjoittaa pidempi hakulause. Kun hakulauseesi alkaa muotoutua, voit kokeilla erilaisia hakutapoja ja arvioida tiedonhaun onnistumista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli hakusanat voivat siis olla vapaita hakusanoja eli mit\u00e4 tahansa mieleen tulevia ja tarkoitukseen soveltuvia, tai sitten asiasanoja. Mutta mik\u00e4 on asiasana? Tiedonhakijan oppaasta l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4 sanasto-osio vastaa: \u201dAsiasanastoon eli tesaurukseen kuuluva sana tai fraasi, jota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n aineistojen sis\u00e4ll\u00f6nkuvailussa ja tiedonhaussa. Yksi asiasana vastaa aina yht\u00e4 k\u00e4sitett\u00e4.\u201d  Asiasanoja voi siis poimia asiasanastoista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kun sopivat hakusanat ovat l\u00f6ytyneet, niit\u00e4 voi yhdistell\u00e4 hakulauseiksi, jotka, kuten aiemmin todettu, eiv\u00e4t ole niit\u00e4 luonnollisen kielen lauseita. Ei siis \u201dmiten verotus vaikuttaa talouskasvuun?\u201d eik\u00e4 edes \u201dverotuksen vaikutus talouskasvuun\u201d, vaan: verotus AND talouskasvu. Mutta miksi pit\u00e4\u00e4 olla tuo AND, eik\u00f6 \u201dverotus ja talouskasvu\u201d olisi parempi? T\u00e4st\u00e4 kertoo enemm\u00e4n osio Hakusanojen yhdist\u00e4minen hakulauseeksi<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuloksen arviointi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kun hakuja on tehty, p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n tarkastelemaan, mit\u00e4 kaikenlaista haaviin on tarttunut. Google-haun tuloslistasta voi l\u00f6yty\u00e4 vaikkapa kirjoja, artikkeleita, kotisivuja, opinn\u00e4ytet\u00f6it\u00e4 ja erilaisten instituutioiden julkaisuja, eli vain osa on tutkittua tietoa. UEF-Primon kirjahaussakin mukaan voi osua varsinaisen tutkimuskirjallisuuden ohella my\u00f6s kaunokirjallisuutta, pamfletteja ja muita ei-tieteellisi\u00e4 julkaisuja. Tulosjoukkoa on siis syyt\u00e4 arvioida siit\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta, mitk\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyneist\u00e4 julkaisuista ovat tieteellisesti luotettavia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siit\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4nkin seuraavaan kysymykseen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kysymys: Mist\u00e4 tied\u00e4n, onko julkaisija tai julkaisu luotettava?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vastaus: Tiedonhaun pikaoppaasta saat nopean ensiavun julkaisun tieteellisyyden arviointiin. Tiedonhakijan oppaan kanssa perehdyt aiheeseen tarkemmin verkkol\u00e4hteiden, lehtien ja kirjojen luotettavuuden osalta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiedonhakijan oppaasta l\u00f6ytyy siis neuvoja t\u00e4h\u00e4nkin. Osio Julkaisun luotettavuuden ja tieteellisen tason arviointi<\/a>  kertoo, miten arvioida julkaisua tekij\u00f6iden, kustantajan ja julkaisutyypin perusteella sek\u00e4 my\u00f6s kertoo, mihin viittaa mystinen merkint\u00e4 \u201dvertaisarvioitu\u201d .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antoisia hetki\u00e4 tiedonhaun ja Tiedonhakijan oppaan parissa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Matemaatikko
Hakusanoja yhdistell\u00e4\u00e4n George Boolen (1815-1864) kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4n logiikan avulla. | You can combine search terms using the logig developed by George Boole (1815-1864).<\/bdo> Kuva | Picture: Wikimedia Commons<\/bdo><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

There are several ways to both access and receive information. Perhaps the most central thing to do is to ask questions. Children have barely learnt to talk when they begin to ask questions. The time period when children, hungry for information, flood their parents with questions is referred to as the inquisitive age. My own mother recalls my inquisitive age, when I used to bombard her with a myriad of questions: \u201cWhere does rain come from? How does the radio operate? Why are there mosquitoes?\u201d Eventually, mom snapped at me that she does not know how to answer all my questions, and I was taken aback: \u201cMum \u2013 are you not as wise as I thought?\u201d \u201cWell neither are you, since you need to ask,\u201d mom retorted. \u201cTrue, but I\u2019m not done asking questions yet,\u201d I said.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If a search query provides no results, does it indicate that no research exists?<\/bdo><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eventually, the urge to gather information led me to become an information specialist. Still, I do not know everything, since I have not asked questions about everything. However, what I have learnt is how to search for information, as well as, to guide others to do so. During the fifteen years I have been doing this, I have come across countless information seekers, ranging from students arranging school presentations to doctorate candidates preparing their doctoral dissertations. Students have contacted me particularly often when they have issues with finding relevant research for their master\u2019s thesis. In that type of situation, should we settle with a conclusion that no such research exists? Nevertheless, this is not the case, as by tweaking the search terms and their combinations the information has often been found. Therefore, lack of information is usually not the issue. We just need to learn to ask the right questions.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The AI chatbot ChatGPT has received a great deal of attention lately. It can be proposed questions about any conceivable topic, and it will answer in fluent Finnish or English. However, what the answer will contain is another question \u2013 my colleagues Maarit and Kirsi have recently published an excellent blog post<\/a> regarding the subject. Yet, when we present the same question to UEF Primo, Scopus, or Web of Science, we may, unexpectedly, be faced with no answer. The issue is that even though we would know exactly what we want to ask, we should also know how to ask. The question needs to be formatted in a language which the program understands, which may initially seem trickier to use than natural language. However, precision, unambiguity and solid logic are what makes it worth the effort.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The university library offers its customers an endless amount of research information and publications. We just need to know what to look for and where from. To answer this specific need the UEF library has published an Information Retrieval Guide, which is mainly focused on assisting the process of retrieving published scientific information. Not only as a guide, it can be utilized as teaching material for information retrieval education. It can be applied both in the process of searching source material for an essay or a thesis, as well as in more regular searches that serve more arbitrary information needs. For more information about the process behind creating the guide, see here<\/a>.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The guide can be systematically read through section by section from the beginning to the end. This approach is suitable for a thorough dive into the topic, however, to go through and process a large unit of information takes time. For a more acute need a more feasible method would be to approach the subject matter through proposing questions. Library Bot Uffe has replies for questions regarding information retrieval among other topics. If you need to get started with the information retrieval process, get in touch with Uffe.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to get started<\/bdo><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The beginning is always difficult. The topic of a course assignment, essay or thesis has been formatted and outlined on paper, but how to get started with research? How to find published scientific information about the chosen topic? Let\u2019s allow Uffe to answer.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question: How do I search for information? How do I get started?<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer: You can begin the information retrieval process by choosing a suitable search engine or database. Think of search words related to your topic and organise them into search queries. Evaluate the search results and develop the search according to your needs!
You can begin the information retrieval process by familiarising yourself with UEF Primo and our guides. UEF Primo is the library\u2019s own search service, through which you can find all the materials acquired by the library, be they printed or electronic.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a concise answer from Uffe. Getting to know Primo and the features it offers is a good place to start. The database is easy to use as far as the search is directed accordingly. If the search is modified to show results from the library catalogue, Primo will offer a listing of books and e-books in the library collections that match the research topic. However, it will not show separate journal publications. In order to access these, the search needs to be modified to show results within international articles. (Domestic articles can be accessed through finna.fi<\/a> database article search.)<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uffe will also offer access to the library guide books, out of which the Information Retrieval Guide<\/a> will answer the same question more thoroughly by explaining the information retrieval process, as well as by demonstrating how to plan your information search. Found within the guide is a diagram presenting the information retrieval process, which can aid with the planning. The diagram is also easy to refer to in order to find out in which phase of the process you are currently at. It refers to the process of information retrieval as a path which leads to a point where the information is found.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most suitable search method for the situation should be chosen according to the information need. What kinds of options exist? Again, let\u2019s ask Uffe.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question: What kinds of search methods are there?<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer: Just as there are many ways to approach information retrieval itself, there is also a variety of search methods. These include the \u2018quick search\u2019, \u2018from broad to narrow search\u2019, \u2018tracking search\u2019, and the \u2018systematic search\u2019. The Guide to Information Retrieval will provide you with detailed instructions and examples.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Information Retrieval Guide a section focusing on Search Technique and Methods<\/a> can be found, within which there is a subsection on Search Methods. In there you are able to find examples ranging from browsing search and pearl growing to systematic search.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And how to format search phrases\u2026<\/bdo><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For someone used to Google-search, database search may appear tricky at first. In Google the questions can be typed in natural language, for instance: \u201cWhat affects the job satisfaction of recently graduated engineers\u201d. Google will find several matches, however, on UEF Primo an identical search will result in zero matches. In addition to this, Google makes suggestions, thinks for the information seeker, and arranges results in accordance with previous queries. However, other databases, such as Primo, will often present a more precise and easier to analyze search result, as far as the search phrase has been formatted following proper methods. But how should it be done? Let\u2019s ask Uffe.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question: How do I find suitable search words? How do I formulate a search query?<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer: Search words can be set in various ways. You can use your own words (natural language words), words used by a database (index terms or subject headings), or combinations of the two. You should use single words, synonyms and phrases for search words. Do not use entire sentences comprised of natural language words!<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A search query includes search words and possible operators. While it is sometimes enough to use a short, precise search term, at other times you may need to use a longer search query. Once your search query begins to form, you can try different search methods and evaluate their success.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, search terms can be either free search terms, that is, anything that comes to mind and suits the purpose, or index terms. But what is an index term? The dictionary found in the Information Retrieval Guide offers an explanation: \u201cA word or a phrase in a controlled vocabulary (thesaurus) that is used in content description (indexing) and retrieval of documents. One index term always stands for a single concept.\u201d Therefore, index terms can be picked from index term lists or glossaries.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When suitable search terms have been found, these can be connected to form search phrases. Search phrases, as mentioned above, are not phrases in natural language. Thus, \u201chow taxation affects the economic growth\u201d or even \u201cthe effect of taxation on economic growth\u201d should not be used, but instead: taxation AND economic growth. But why do we need an AND, and wouldn\u2019t \u201ctaxation and economic growth\u201d be better? For more information about this, have a look at the section on Combining Search Terms into a Search Query.<\/a><\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reviewing the results<\/bdo><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When search queries have been done, it is time to review the results. In the results of a Google search can be found, for instance, books, articles, websites, theses, and publications by various kinds of institutions, and therefore, only a fraction will be researched information. Even in the book search on UEF Primo, in addition to research literature, among the results there may be literary fiction, pamphlets and other non-academic publications. Therefore, the query results should be assessed by considering which of the results are scientifically reliable. This leads us to the next question.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question: How do I know if a publication or its publisher are credible?<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer: The quick guide for information searching provides you with a quick briefing on evaluating the quality of a publication. For further insight, the Guide to Information Retrieval covers the credibility of online resources, journals and books. Move to the guides through the buttons below.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Again, advice regarding this can be found in the Information Retrieval Guide. The section on Evaluating the Reliability and Scientific Status of a Publication<\/a>  offers advice on how to review a publication according to the authors, publisher, and type of publication. It will also clarify the meaning behind the mysterious term \u201cpeer reviewed\u201d.<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Have fun with information retrieval and the Information Retrieval Guide!<\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jussi Hyv\u00e4rinen
Tietoasiantuntija | Information specialist<\/bdo>
Opetus- ja tietopalvelut | Training and Information Services<\/bdo><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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